Feminists Turn Miss America 1968 Into a Protest

Feminists Turn Miss America 1968 Into a Protest The Miss America Pageant that took place on September 7, 1968, was no ordinary pageant. Hundreds of feminist activists showed up on the Atlantic City Boardwalk to enact their â€Å"Miss America Protest.† They distributed publicity materials titled â€Å"No More Miss America!† Organizers The group behind the Miss America Protest was New York Radical Women. Prominent feminists who participated included Carol Hanisch, who originally had the idea to protest the pageant, as well as Robin Morgan, and Kathie Sarachild. What Was Wrong With Miss America? The women who came to the Miss America Protest had several complaints about the pageant: It judges women on impossible standards of beauty. The protesters called the standards â€Å"ludicrous.†The pageant objectifies women and thereby harms all women.The protesters disliked the hypocrisy of the pageant, specifically the double standard of the Madonna/whore fantasy, in which men irrationally demand that women be innocent and beautiful, while also satisfying the mens lust. The feminists had other political disagreements with the pageant as well: They considered the pageant racist, for never having had a black Miss America.The activists opposed the Vietnam War and felt the pageant supported it by sending the Miss America winner to Vietnam to entertain the troops.There was a blatant inequality in encouraging girls to grow up to become Miss America. The standard line in the United States to any boy was that he could grow up to be president. Why not women? Why was Miss America supposed to be their equivalent dream? Rampant Consumerism The women at the Miss America Protest also criticized the consumer aspect of the pageant and the sponsors who used the contestants to promote their products. At the protest, the feminists of New York Radical Women announced a boycott of the companies that sponsored the pageant.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cattle Auction† The Miss America Protest began in the afternoon on the boardwalk. There at least 150 women marched with signs of protest. Some of their slogans called the pageant a cattle auction, for parading women around to judge them on their looks, the way men would judge cattle to decide the animals’ worth. The protesters nominated a sheep for Miss America and even crowned a live sheep on the boardwalk. Paying Attention to Liberation At the end of the evening, when the winner was crowned, several of the protesters who had sneaked inside unfurled a banner from the balcony that read â€Å"Women’s Liberation.† Miss America was a highly anticipated and widely watched event in 1968, so much of the nation tuned in to the live broadcast. The protest received media attention, which in turn attracted more women to the Women’s Liberation movement. The protesters asked the media to send female reporters to cover their demonstration and demanded that if there were any arrests that they only be made by women police officers.   Bras on Fire? The Miss America Protest apparently gave birth to one of the greatest myths of the women’s rights movement: the myth of bra burning.   The protesters at the Miss America Pageant threw items of their oppression into a â€Å"freedom trash can.† Among these items of oppression were girdles, high-heeled shoes, some bras, copies of Playboy magazine, and hair curlers. The women never lit these items on fire; throwing them out was the symbolism of the day. It has been reported that the women attempted to get a permit to burn the items but were denied because of the danger fire would pose to the wooden Atlantic City Boardwalk. The intent to set them on fire may have been what sparked the rumor that bras actually were burned. There is no documented instance where 1960s feminists burned their bras, although the legend persists. No More Miss America? Feminists protested Miss America again in 1969, although the second protest was smaller and did not receive much attention. The Womens Liberation Movement continued to grow and develop, with more protests occurring and more feminist groups being formed over the next few years. The Miss America Pageant still exists; the pageant moved from Atlantic City to Las Vegas in 2006.

Write a Summary (Uniform prices for online music are no way to Essay

Write a Summary (Uniform prices for online music are no way to maximise profit) - Essay Example For a seller to get more of the economic surplus from a sale, he or she is looking to sell a product for a price very close to the maximum limit that a customer is willing to spend. However, because not everyone has the same price in mind when purchasing a product, it can be difficult from the sellers point of view to determine the appropriate price. Research carried out by Ben Shiller and Joel Waldfogel found that the uniform price that university students were willing to pay for songs on iTunes was much higher than Apple was actually selling songs for. One workaround for setting the price is for sellers to charge an entry fee and then a very small fixed price for each song. This provides benefits for both seller and consumer, as producer surplus can increase considerably and consumer surplus can grow due to the fact that consumers would buy songs than they would otherwise not consider at a higher uniform

Employer Liability to Unlawful Acts of Employees Essay

Employer Liability to Unlawful Acts of Employees - Essay Example However, from 1941, a series of laws were made which prohibited employers from firing employees for no reason. The Executive Order 8802, was the first law that prohibited racial discrimination, later in 1964, the Civil Rights Issue and amendments were created, in 1990 the Americans with Disabilities Act was created which protected disabled Americans. In 1993, the Medical and Family Leave Act and many other laws that protected employees were formed (Mackey & Daniel, 1986). The employment law came into existence to protect employees’ rights. The Fair labor Standards Act ensures that employees’ overtime pay is paid to the employees who work for more than 40 hours a week and it also regulates employees’ minimum wages. The Americans Disability Act ensures equal treatment for persons with disability, it protects employees with disabilities form being mistreated by their employers and fellow employees (Walsh & David, 2013). Employment Law prohibits racial discrimination , all employees are supposed to be treated equally regardless of race, sex, religion, gender, age and national origin. These laws ensure equal employment opportunities and every employee is subject to wages. There are three major exceptions; public-policy exception, under this exception an employer should not terminate an employee for claiming compensation after being injured in the line of duty. The other exception is the implied-contract, this is where there is formation of an implied contract between an employee and an employer but there is no written document regarding the employment but the relationship exists (Walsh & David, 2013). Lastly, the Covenant-of-good-faith means that any malicious decisions by the employer are prohibited. All workers should be aware of the situations that make their employers liable. An employer is liable to a co-worker if the co-worker is dismissed without a reason of dismissal which follows the rules regarding the contract. The employer should be h eld liable if the environment where workers are operating is not safe, workers should be in protective gears if the environment under which they are operating is risky and cause harm. The employer is also liable if a worker is sexually harassed in the organization or the business premises. Employers should put in place measures that protect all employees from sexual harassment. If an employer breaches a contract between suppliers, they are held liable by the suppliers. If a supplier is supposed to supply items to a firm and the employer terminates the contract without the consent of the supplier, the supplier should hold the employer liable (Walsh & David, 2013). If the supplier incurred losses on the account of the employer the employer will be held liable to the losses incurred which may include; destruction of property already received by the firm. If a company has purchased certain items and they spoil in the hands of the employer the employer is liable for the goods and not the supplier. The law states that if you have more than fifteen employees and your business is an interstate commerce, the business is under the Title VII in the Civil Rights Act. It prohibits discriminatory acts and sexual harassment and describes sexual harassment as a type of sexual behavior that is inappropriate and unwelcome at the workplace. Sexual

How WW1 Led To WW2 Essay Example for Free

How WW1 Led To WW2 Essay WW1 was the most gruesome war up until that time. With the central powers fighting the allied powers, germany was defeated and forced to take all blame for WW1 which led to WW2. They were forced to admit the war was their fault, pay all damages, and lose their military. After the war, all powers met in France and discussed the treaty of versailles and all allied powers except the U.S. made Germany sign the document and admit that the war was entirely their fault. They hoped it would keep Germany from starting another war but in reality it sparked them to get revenge. Also in the treaty, the allied powers forced them to pay for all expenses in the war. The total cost was well over a billion dollars. This hurt the economic system of Germany and they couldnt pay for it all. It sparked the Germans to once again get revenge on the allied powers and gain control of their country again. IN the treaty, the military power was ceased from Germany. They were now left defenseless. When Adolf Hitler comes to power the first thing he does is restore the army and navy so Germany isnt completely defenselss and he wants the strongest army in the world to go back out and defeat the allied powers. Even though all the allied powers wanted was full revenge on Germany for their many expenses and casualities, it led to another war full of more expenses and casualities. Hitler stepped into power and didnt think it was fair for the Germans to be treated this way. WW2 then begins and it the most destructive war ever.

Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentl

Life and Death in Frost's Stopping by Woods and Thomas' Do Not Go Gentle  Ã‚   Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" and Dylan Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" reflect deeply on both life and death. Frost interprets death as rest and peace from a hard and deserving life, whereas Thomas depicts death as an early end to an unfulfilled life. Contrary to Thomas's four characters who rage against death because of its premature arrival, Frost's speaker accepts death but is inclined to live for promises; therefore both Frost and Thomas choose life over death, but for conflicting reasons. Robert Frost's deeply-rooted beliefs in nature influence him to view death positively. Through enticing images of solitude and relaxation and peaceful diction, Frost explains why nature and death coincide. Frost makes "mysteries, such as death, resolve into the natural" and suddenly the "mysterious becomes simple" (Nicholl 194). His choice to use "darkest evening of the year" helps to set the mystery surrounding death, but the simplicity of the character and the scenery bring death closer to nature; "suddenly the absolute is brought near, and made almost visible" (Nicholl 194). The individual man encountering woods that are "lovely, dark, and deep" create a contradiction of feelings that intertwine the mystery and simplicity of death. The "dark" and "deep" foreshadow the fears and enigmas of dying. The "lovely" negates the anxiety and demonstrates the excitement and desire to die. Though death seems scary and unknown, it is also wonderful and peaceful to the central character. The tr aveler appears desiring a rest and death is an enchanting choice. With pleasant images as "easy wind and downy flake," the man becomes a... ...ngness" (Roberts 378). Frost?s traveler is faced with a choice of life or death and chooses life not to attain grandeur but to keep promises. Thomas?s four kinds of men maintain the right to fight against death for life, but only because life is too short and greatness is yet to be achieved. Frost induces that death should be embraced because it is synonymous with sleep, whereas Thomas concludes that death should be contested due to its hindrance of achievements, but similarly both Frost and Thomas choose the alternative of life to that of death. Works Cited: Frost, Robert. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Julia Reidhead. 5th ed. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 1998. Thomas, Dylan. ?Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.? Sound and Sense. Eighth edition. Ed. Laurence Perrine. Orlando: Harcourt Brace, 1992.

Gender segregation in children Essay

According to research children establish and maintain same gender relationships, the play in groups which are mainly composed of their own gender. Gender segregation has been observed in children as young as three years. Gender segregated social groups among children is significant within the segregated groups since children do experience different world from other peers and they have an opportunity to learn gender typed skills, roles, characteristics which are deemed by society. Gender segregation among children leads to different patterns of social interactions and play experiences promoting differences in their social, intellectual, and emotional development (Kimberley, 1995, p. 61). Children interaction is different depending on whether is a girl or a boy. Gender segregation is mostly influenced by expression of social interactions mainly during preschool activities. Cognition on play partners on children correlates with preferences of play partners. Social cognition accounts for changes in age in sex segregation (Martin, 1999, p. 751). Different interactive styles of children of different genders This examines individual variations in child pretense play and expression emerging mental representation. Children develop different interactive styles which are to some level at odds. Boys and girls react differently to situations with boys being more resistant and avoidance than girls (Martin, 1999, p. 755). There is a gender gap in the interactive styles among children. Child solitary play child are initiated y their mothers with maternal demonstration and solicitation. Mother symbolic and children language positively influence collaborative child play with verbal intelligence from child solitary play (Kimberley, 1995, p. 62). Different language/communication styles of children of different genders Communication language has been found to be harder in girls than in boys. Girls have significantly greater activation language areas in their brains compared to boys. Boys talk more and they are more assertive regarding their social interactions compared to girls (Kimberley, 1995, p. 62). Children stereotype believes about different gender roles Children learn mostly from parents with differences on how boys and girls behave being facilitated by differences on how they are treated by parents, teachers and friends (Martin, 1999, p. 760). Gender have differences on different issues like aggression, learning and they differently react to different situations (Kimberley, 1995, p. 64) Different preferences of different toys by different gender All over the world boys and girls play with different types of toys. Boys mostly prefer cars and trucks while girls prefer dolls. This is so because sociologically boys and girls are encouraged to play with different types of toys by their peers, parents or the society (Kimberley, 1995, p. 67). Theoretical (biological, social, cultural, etc. ) explanations for the gender differences Sex is believed to be natural but gender is cultural and a social construction. Differences among individuals in different gender are attributed to their choices but the differences are mainly as a result of gender conditioning. They undermine common humanity and individual freedom (Kimberley, 1995, p. 69). Children learn most things from their parents, teachers and peers. Socialization brings about sex role attitude. Parental influence changes children attitudes. Children behave based on their gender is also influenced by parents, teachers and media (Martin, 1999, p. 762). Annoted Bibliography Kimberley, K., (1995), â€Å"Gender segregating among children: understanding the ‘Cootie Phenomena’,† Journal of young children, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 61-69 This articles reviews on development of gender role and discusses on how boys and girls are different. It discusses on gender segregation on why children choose playmates of the same sex, how they develop different interactive styles, differ in their communication language, how they have different roles in their stereotype believes, how they differ in their preferences on toys and the theoretical explanation of gender differences. Martin, C. , Fabes, R. , Evans, S. , Wyman, H. , & Fabes, R. , (1999), â€Å"Social Cognition on the Playground: Children Beliefs about Playing with Girls versus Boys and Their Relations to Sex Segregated Play,† Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 751-771 This article argues on individual variation in child pretense play as expression of emerging mental representation. There is family sociodemographic characteristic, maternal affective, maternal personological and cognitive play behaviors among children. According to this article, cognitive advantages on child play and maternal influences on child play which is put in the framework of adaptive parenting.

Messages Depicted in Hawthorne´s The Minister´s Black...

Nathaniel Hawthorn was an American novelist and short story writer. He is also a very interesting writer to analyze due to the psychological complexity of his work. Most of his works feature moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic Movement and, more specifically, dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity, and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. More specifically, in â€Å"The Minister ´s Black Veil† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† these qualities and characteristics of his works are quite easy to see. In contrast with many other points of view and many other conclusions from different readers they might have after†¦show more content†¦And it was I that brought your father a pitch-pine knot, kindled at my own hearth, to set fire to the Indian village in King’s Phillip war’’ (611). Here is where Hawthorn star ted to point out the hypocrisy of the puritan religion and the sinful nature of all man. Later, Hawthorn continued to point out the hypocrisy of puritans at its outmost. â€Å"If it be as thou sayest,’replied Goodman Brown, I marvel they never spoke of these matters. Or, verily, I marvel not, seeing that the last rumor of the sort would have driven them from New-England’’ (612). Here Hawthorn tries to show how puritans kept their most dark sins hidden from even their most beloved, making them hypocrites towards God, society and their religious beliefs. As the story continues Goodman has an internal battle, he is trying not to continue through the dark forest, the only think that is giving him the strength to get out from there is the memory of his wife Faith. When he lifted his hands to pray, a cloud appeared upon his head, then he heard a voice uttering lamentations, it came from a woman, it was Faith’s voice. Then he heard a new scream from the same vo ice that drowned immediately into a louder murmur of voices, fading into far-off laughter, as the dark cloud swept away. Those other voices were the voices of the unseen multitude, both saints and sinners which encourage Brown’s faith to disappear. â€Å"My Faith is gone!’ cried he,